1, Insulation kayan a cikin lantarki filin kuma za a halaka saboda ta rufi ƙarfi da kuma rasa saboda rufi yi, sa'an nan za a yi rufi karya sabon abu.

Standarda'idodin GB4943 da GB8898 sun tsara izinin wutar lantarki, nisa mai nisa da nisan shigar da keɓaɓɓu bisa ga sakamakon bincike na yanzu, amma waɗannan kafofin watsa labarai suna shafar yanayin muhalli, Misali, zazzabi, zafi, matsa lamba na iska, matakin gurɓatawa, da sauransu, zai rage ƙarfin rufi ko gazawa, daga cikin abin da matsa lamba na iska yana da tasirin gaske akan sharewar lantarki.

Gas yana samar da barbashi masu caji ta hanyoyi biyu: daya shine karo ionization, wanda atom a cikin iskar gas ya yi karo da barbashi na iskar gas don samun kuzari da tsalle daga ƙananan matakan makamashi.Lokacin da wannan makamashi ya wuce wani ƙima, atom ɗin suna ionized zuwa cikin electrons kyauta da ions tabbatacce.Dayan kuma shine ionization surface, wanda electrons ko ions ke aiki akan wani m surface don canja wurin isasshen makamashi zuwa electrons a kan m surface, ta yadda wadannan electrons. samun isasshen makamashi, ta yadda za su wuce shingen yuwuwar makamashin da ke saman kuma su bar saman.

Ƙarƙashin aikin wani ƙarfin wutar lantarki, wani lantarki yana tashi daga cathode zuwa anode kuma zai yi karo da ionization a hanya.Bayan karo na farko da iskar gas yana haifar da ionization, kuna da ƙarin electron kyauta.Na biyu electrons suna ionized da karo yayin da suke tashi zuwa ga anode, don haka muna da hudu free electrons bayan karo na biyu karo.Wadannan electrons guda hudu suna maimaita karo iri daya, wanda ke haifar da karin electrons, yana haifar da avalanche na lantarki.

Bisa ga ka'idar matsa lamba ta iska, lokacin da zafin jiki ya kasance akai-akai, karfin iska yana da bambanci da matsakaicin free bugun jini na electrons da kuma yawan iskar gas.Lokacin da tsayin tsayi ya karu kuma karfin iska ya ragu, matsakaicin bugun jini na kyauta na ƙwayoyin da aka caji yana ƙaruwa, wanda zai hanzarta ionization na iskar gas, don haka raguwar wutar lantarki na gas yana raguwa.

Dangantakar wutar lantarki da matsa lamba shine:

A ciki: P-Matsayin iska a wurin aiki

P₀- daidaitaccen yanayin yanayi

U_p- Wutar fitar da wutar lantarki ta waje a wurin aiki

U₀-Fitar da wutar lantarki na rufin waje a daidaitaccen yanayi

n-Halayen fihirisar fitar da wutar lantarki ta waje tana raguwa tare da rage matsa lamba

Dangane da girman sifa na sifa n darajar ƙarfin fitarwa na rufin waje yana raguwa, babu cikakkun bayanai a halin yanzu, kuma ana buƙatar babban adadin bayanai da gwaje-gwaje don tabbatarwa, saboda bambance-bambancen hanyoyin gwaji, gami da daidaituwa. na filin lantarki, Daidaitaccen yanayin muhalli, kula da nesa mai nisa da machining daidaito na kayan aikin gwaji zai shafi daidaiton gwaji da bayanai.

A ƙananan matsa lamba na barometric, ƙarancin wutar lantarki yana raguwa.Wannan shi ne saboda yawan iskar yana raguwa yayin da matsin lamba ya ragu, don haka raguwar ƙarfin lantarki yana raguwa har sai tasirin raguwar ƙarfin lantarki yayin da iskar gas ya zama mafi ƙarancin aiki. rushewa.Dangantakar da ke tsakanin wutar lantarki da iskar gas gabaɗaya ita ce dokar Bashen ta bayyana.

Tare da taimakon dokar Baschen da ɗimbin gwaje-gwaje, ana samun gyare-gyaren ƙimar wutar lantarki da tazarar lantarki a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban na iska bayan tattara bayanai da sarrafa su.

Duba Table 1 da Table 2

Table 1 Gyaran wutar lantarki mai lalacewa a matsi na barometric daban-daban

Tebura 2 Ma'aunin gyare-gyare na sharewar lantarki a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban na iska

2, Tasirin ƙananan matsa lamba akan haɓakar zafin samfur.

Kayayyakin lantarki a cikin aiki na yau da kullun za su haifar da wani adadin zafi, zafi da aka haifar da bambanci tsakanin yanayin zafi ana kiransa zafin jiki.Matsanancin zafin jiki na iya haifar da konewa, wuta da sauran haɗari, Don haka, ƙimar iyaka daidai tana cikin GB4943, GB8898 da sauran ƙa'idodin aminci, da nufin hana haɗarin haɗari da ke haifar da hauhawar zafin jiki mai yawa.

Hawan zafin jiki na samfuran dumama yana shafar tsayin daka.Yunƙurin zafin jiki ya bambanta daidai da layi tare da tsayi, kuma gangaren canjin ya dogara da tsarin samfurin, ɓarkewar zafi, yanayin yanayi da sauran dalilai.

Za'a iya raba diski na kayan zafi zuwa ga siffofin uku: Tsarin zafi, haɗuwa da zafi da radiation mai zafi.Rashin zafi na yawan dumama kayayyakin ya dogara ne akan musayar zafi na convection, wato, zafi na kayan dumama ya dogara da yanayin zafin jiki da samfurin da kansa ya samar don tafiya da yanayin zafin iska a kusa da samfurin.A tsayin 5000m, ƙimar canja wurin zafi yana da ƙasa da 21% fiye da ƙimar a matakin teku, kuma zafin da aka canza ta hanyar watsawar zafi shima yana da ƙasa da 21%.Zai kai 40% a mita 10,000.Ragewar canja wurin zafi ta hanyar watsar da zafi zai haifar da haɓakar yanayin zafin samfur.

Lokacin da tsayi ya karu, matsa lamba na yanayi yana raguwa, yana haifar da karuwa a cikin ma'auni na danko na iska da raguwar canja wurin zafi.Wannan saboda iska convective zafi canja wuri shi ne canja wurin makamashi ta hanyar kwayoyin karo ;Yayin da tsawo yana ƙaruwa, yanayin yanayi yana raguwa kuma yawan iska yana raguwa, yana haifar da raguwar adadin kwayoyin iska kuma yana haifar da raguwar canja wurin zafi.

Bugu da ƙari, akwai wani abin da ya shafi yanayin zafi mai zafi na convective zafi na tilasta kwarara, wato, rage yawan iska zai kasance tare da rage yawan matsa lamba na yanayi. .Ƙunƙarar ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙazamin zafi ya dogara da kwararar iska don ɗauke zafi.Gabaɗaya, mai sanyaya fan ɗin da injin ɗin ke amfani da shi yana kiyaye ƙarar iskar da ke gudana ta cikin motar ba ta canzawa, yayin da tsayin daka ya karu, yawan kwararar iska yana raguwa, ko da ƙarar rafin iska ya kasance iri ɗaya, saboda yawan iska yana raguwa.Tun da takamaiman zafi na iska za a iya la'akari akai akai a kan kewayon yanayin zafi da hannu a cikin talakawa m matsaloli, Idan iska kwarara ƙara guda zafin jiki, da zafi tunawa da taro kwarara ne m za a rage, da dumama kayayyakin suna adversely shafi. ta hanyar tarawa, kuma yawan zafin jiki na samfurori zai tashi tare da raguwar matsa lamba na yanayi.

An kafa tasirin matsa lamba na iska akan yanayin zafi na samfurin, musamman akan kayan dumama, ta hanyar kwatanta nuni da adaftar a ƙarƙashin yanayin zafi daban-daban da yanayin matsa lamba, bisa ga ka'idar tasirin tasirin iska akan zazzabi da aka bayyana a sama A ƙarƙashin yanayin ƙananan matsa lamba, yanayin zafin jiki na dumama ba shi da sauƙi don tarwatsawa saboda raguwar adadin kwayoyin halitta a cikin yanki mai sarrafawa, wanda ya haifar da yawan zafin jiki na gida. abubuwa masu dumama, saboda zafi na abubuwan da ba su da zafi suna canjawa wuri daga kayan dumama, don haka yawan zafin jiki a ƙananan matsa lamba yana ƙasa da zafin jiki.

3.Kammalawa

Ta hanyar bincike da gwaje-gwaje, ana zana ƙarshe masu zuwa.Na farko, bisa ga dokar Baschen, an taƙaita ƙimar gyare-gyare na rushewar wutar lantarki da gibin lantarki a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban na iska ta hanyar gwaji.Biyu sun dogara ne da juna kuma suna da haɗin kai; Na biyu, bisa ga ma'aunin zafi na adaftar da nuni a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban na iska, hawan zafin jiki da matsa lamba na iska suna da dangantaka ta layi, kuma ta hanyar lissafin ƙididdiga, ma'auni na layi. Ana iya samun hawan zafin jiki da karfin iska a sassa daban-daban.Ɗauki adaftan a matsayin misali, Ƙaƙƙarfan daidaituwa tsakanin hawan zafin jiki da matsa lamba shine -0.97 bisa ga hanyar ƙididdiga, wanda shine babban haɗin kai.Canjin canjin yanayin zafi shine haɓakar zafin jiki yana ƙaruwa da 5-8% akan kowane haɓakar 1000m a tsayi.Don haka, wannan bayanan gwajin don tunani ne kawai kuma nasa ne na ƙididdiga masu inganci.Ana buƙatar ma'auni na gaske don bincika halayen samfurin yayin gano takamaiman.